The major findings of our current study are that (i) the yeast homologs of TPR, Mlp1 and Mlp2, are required for tRNA gene docking at NPCs and nuclear export of nascent tRNA transcripts; (ii) the tRNA export role for TPR is conserved in human lung cancer cells, and fulfilled through association with NXF1, an RNA binding factor that mediates export of both tRNA and mRNA through NPCs; (iii) TPR coordinates the nuclear export of various RNAs including mRNAs, tRNAs and rRNAs, and promotes protein synthesis in eukaryotes. Here, TPR is linked to lung cancer.