Furthermore, when various cytokines that contribute to cancer cachexia—such as TGF‐β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐alpha)—are inhibited, bone mineral density loss is attenuated, most likely by preventing full differentiation of osteoclasts through the RANK–RANKL pathway.30, 31, 32. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.