Moreover, PD-1 expressing CD8+ T cells from patients with atherosclerosis produced more anti-atherogenic IL-10 and less pro-atherogenic cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα) compared to PD-1−CD8+ T cells, further supporting a protective role for PD-1 in T cell-mediated immunity. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atherosclerosis.