Furthermore, some of these genes, such as CD1C, TNFSF10, PARVG, NID1, DHRS12, ITPK1, ACSF3, and TNFRSF13C, also show a differentiated methylation signature in SLE patients (Ballestar et al., 2020; Fang et al., 2021). Here, ITPK1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.