Fujisawa et al. demonstrated that spironolactone attenuated the MR activation-mediated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression, TGF-β expression, macrophage infiltration, and renal fibrosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (Fujisawa et al., 2004). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.