Combining mTOR inhibition and anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer patients requiring ICIs, with a history of solid organ transplantation, ensured allograft tolerance by abating the threshold for innate and adaptive immune response activation, while preserving the IFNγ signaling required for the efficacy of anti- PD-1 therapy (Esfahani et al., 2020a). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.