APP and Brain atrophy: As a consequence, brain atrophy can be detected in the brains of AD patients by imaging or postmortem examination.61 Extensive studies have revealed a substantial neuronal apoptosis throughout human AD brain, particularly in the cerebral cortex.69 Recent studies have shown that in addition to apoptosis, necroptosis is widespread in the AD brain as well.64 However, few mouse models with APP or APP/PSEN mutations exhibit neuronal loss.