It is interesting to note that in this model of B16 melanoma, isoform-specific inhibition with anti-TGFβ1 therapy and anti-PD-1 is superior to anti-PD-1 alone; however, TGFβ inhibition in combination with anti-CTLA-4 therapy did not produce synergistic effects. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and melanoma.