Interestingly, the addition of anti-CTLA-4 with either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 inhibition, but not pan-TGFβ inhibition, had an even stronger effect in prolonging overall survival compared to isoform-specific TGFβ blockade alone but did not significantly affect tumor growth (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. 12a). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB3 and neoplasm.