The greatest level of B16 melanoma direct killing was seen in CD8+ T cells from animals treated with anti-TGFβ3 (47.8% killing), followed by those treated with anti-TGFβ1 (34.1% killing) and 1D11 (21.8% killing) compared to 10.6% killing in untreated controls (Fig. 4e). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and melanoma.