SMAD7 and lung cancer: We also noted increased expression levels of EMT-associated transcription factors (Snai1, Snai2, Zeb1, Zeb2, and Hmga2) and previously characterized TGF-β target genes (Smad7, Serpine1, Thbs1, Pdgfa, Pdgfb, Jun, Junb, Wnt7a, and Wnt7b) in TGF-β-treated CMT64 cells, and these results were in accordance with our previous observation in A549 human lung cancer cells7,15 (Fig. 2B).