A recent consensus report defined four subtypes of SCLC based on transcription factor (TF) expression: two neuroendocrine (NE) subtypes expressing TFs achaete-scute complex homolog-like 1 (ASCL1) and neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), and two non-neuroendocrine (Non-NE) subtypes expressing yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3)8,9. This evidence concerns the gene NEUROD1 and small cell lung carcinoma.