Profiling of 12 paired patients’ tumour samples at diagnosis and relapse identified acquired mutations in Wnt-pathway genes4 and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) studies where chemoresistance was generated by repeated treatment of mice with chemotherapy led to the discovery of schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11) and enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) as acquired chemoresistance mediators5. This evidence concerns the gene SLFN11 and neoplasm.