Future studies should consider examining a wider range of DNAm inflammatory markers (DNAm levels of interleukins, prostaglandins, and neurotrophins); DNAm inflammatory markers in younger participants (where there is likely greater variation in baseline inflammation levels); DNAm inflammatory markers in specific brain pathology cases (e.g., multiple sclerosis); as well as how peripheral inflammatory and neuroinflammatory DNAm patterns equate, and how each relates to cellular differences within the brain to give rise to the structural alterations we observe here.50 This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and multiple sclerosis.