However, our data showed that the PTEN protein levels were not altered in the UBE2C- or UBE2D-knockdown HCC cells (Supplementary Fig. 2H, I), suggesting that ubiquitination of PTEN mediated by UBE2S is independent from UBE2C and UBE2D in HCC. The gene discussed is UBE2S; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.