TFE3 and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions: Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC), first reported in 1988, is characterized by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation of transcription factor E3 (TFE3), which causes fusion of the TFE3 gene with a variety of partner genes [1, 2].