MAPK3 and Sepsis: Our study revealed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK were decreased after sepsis, and PMVs increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 significantly, while having little effect on p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK, which suggested that the role of PMVs was mainly related to the activation of ERK1/2.