STAT1 and cancer: To further verify the relative levels of the STAT1 signaling pathway downstream response genes in adjacent noncancerous tissues/primary cancer tissues (ANT/T) paired glioma, real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed, which showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of the STAT1 signaling pathway downstream response genes in 5 pairs of human glioma tissues were lower than those in matched adjacent noncancerous tissues (Figure 5, C and D, and Supplemental Figure 9A).