DDX41 and viral infectious disease: To initiate signaling upon viral infection, host cells detect viral DNA or RNA using a set of PRRs; these include retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (RNA sensors), cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and dead-box helicase 41 (DDX41) (DNA sensors)2,3.