TGFB1 and cancer: Using GO term analysis to compare the transcriptomes between β1 integrin-proficient and -deficient lesions, we observed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in dormant lesions have differentially activated ECM processes and TGF-β stimulus (Fig. 6e), corroborating with previous reports indicating mesenchymal stromal cells as a precursor of CAFs and that their transition into CAFs is dependent on TGF-β signalling [19, 20].