AR and posterior cortical atrophy: In AR-positive PCa cells, proliferation is stimulated by physiologic concentrations androgens (PA) (e.g., 0.1–1 nM dihydrotestosterone-DHT) and repressed by SPA (e.g., ≥ 10 nM DHT or ≥ 1n nM synthetic androgen R1881)24,26,30–39.