Previous studies showed that SPA induces dsDNA breaks in PCa cells70,83, suppresses the gene expression proteins that drive DDR and homologous recombination in CRPC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs)72, and mediates an extreme response to BAT in a patient who harbors a germline missense mutation in the serine/threonine protein kinase-encoding ATM gene and a frameshift mutation in the breast cancer gene BRCA292. Here, ATM is linked to breast carcinoma.