NUCLEOLIN and cancer: To examine the role of attached AS1411 on the invasion of EcN to cancer cells, cellular binding efficiencies of PBS, EcNGFP, CTLGFP, 2ApCBGFP, 5ApCBGFP, and 10ApCBGFP were assessed by using 4T1 cells, a cell line that overexpresses nucleolin (Supplementary Fig. 2a).