Whereas the precise functions of NDUFA3, NDUFA13 (also called GRIM19), COX7A1, COX4I2 and ATP5F1D in oxidative phosphorylation remain somewhat poorly understood, increased expression of NDUFA4L2 is known to drive pro-oncogenic phenotypes in numerous cancer types. The gene discussed is COXFA4L2; the disease is cancer.