In the presence of a limited number of metastatic lesions, treatment of melanoma includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy [interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), ipilimumab, tremelimumab, interferon-α), and targeted therapies (BRAF inhibitors; vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and MEK inhibitor) [7]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is melanoma.