CD274 and neoplasm: ICIs play a prominent role as first-line therapy, and common regimens include pembrolizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel, regardless of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) level [10, 11]; pembrolizumab monotherapy [11, 12] or nivolumab plus ipilimumab [13] in patients with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1%; and atezolizumab monotherapy or cemiplimab monotherapy in patients with high PD-L1 expression, [14, 15] all of which have provided promising survival benefits.