FBXO45 and hepatocellular carcinoma: This high expression of FBXO45 localized to HCC cells but not hepatic stellate cells (HSCs; identified by alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], a well-established marker of HSCs in the fibrotic liver) or fibrotic cells (Sirius red signal, an indicator of fibrotic cells), implying that the expression of FBXO45 was restricted to HCC cells (Figure 1A–B).