ACE2 and ventricular fibrillation: However, in the setting of coronavirus disease, downregulation of ACE2 by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection might be involved in mediating cardiovascular damage, besides, the medications that have been proposed as treatments for COVID-19 such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have pro-arrhythmic effects, AF, atrial fibrillation; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia (38).