GPT and injury: These results are consistent with those of several other studies where piperine reduced AST and ALT in models of cyanotoxin-induced hepatotoxicity (Abdel-Daim et al., 2019), high-fat diet–induced hepatic steatosis (Choi et al., 2013), and renal ischemia reperfusion–induced liver injury (Mohammadi et al., 2019).