SMAD7 and Myocardial fibrosis: Similar results were demonstrated in other studies on myocardial fibrosis (Zhang et al., 2018), CCl4-induced model to HSC-T6 cell lines (Yu et al., 2015), and renal fibrosis (Fu et al., 2021), in which miR-17-5p regression has been correlated with fibrosis amelioration via upregulation of the protective Smad-7.