STEAP1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Azumi et al. (2010) used STEAP-derived epitope peptides to stimulate T cells, in the context of multiple major histocompatibility complex class II alleles, and induce STEAP-specific helper T lymphocytes in patients with renal cell or bladder cancers. These studies demonstrated the therapeutic potential of optimizing T cell-based immunotherapy for STEAP-expressing renal cells and bladder cancer (Azumi et al., 2010).