Subsequently, Esmaeili et al. (2018) developed a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody, against a STEAP1 epitope, that successfully inhibited intercellular communication between prostate cancer cells by blocking gap junctions between cells, demonstrating a high potential for mAbs or single-chain antibodies as effective agents for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Here, STEAP1 is linked to prostate carcinoma.