FGF23 and heart failure: Fibroblast growth factor 23 is considered to be a major contributor to the development of LVH, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CKD (Faul et al., 2011; Kendrick et al., 2011; Scialla et al., 2014; Mehta et al., 2016) and non-CKD (Ix et al., 2012; Kestenbaum et al., 2014; Lutsey et al., 2014) populations.