MAPK8 and carcinoma: SSTNIGF1R induces the rapid activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) in myeloma cells, and p38MAPK as well in activated endothelial cells and carcinoma cells, two stress-activated MAPKs capable of initiating apoptosis in response to genotoxic and metabolic stressors common in cancer (40).