BRCA1 and ovarian cancer: In addition to Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes, BRCAness results from DNA-repair defect(s) arising from loss of homologous recombination (HR) function secondary to epigenetic perturbations such as aberrant methylation (5-31% in ovarian cancer), somatic mutations (<5%) and other abnormalities of the following HR repair genes: TM, ATR, BARD1, BLM, BRIP1, CDK12, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCI, FANCL, FANCM, MRE11, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RAD52, RAD54L, and RPA1 (5–8).