TNF and lung carcinoma: Prolonged sedentary behaviors are shown to increase the level of multiple inflammatory factors including tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and leptin that may contribute to the development of lung cancer (Shih et al., 2006; Terzidis et al., 2009; van Kruijsdijk et al., 2009; Zhan et al., 2009).