PILE, a score based on PIV, LDH, and ECOG PS, was a reliable factor for PFS and OS in ES-SCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, reflecting that PIV and PILE might be useful to identify patients unlikely to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy plus chemotherapy. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is small cell lung carcinoma.