In addition, histone deacetylase activity (HDAC) was inhibited in kidneys of high-fiber fed mice, and dietary manipulation of the gut microbiome could protect against AKI and subsequent CKD, mediated by HDAC inhibition and activation of two G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR109A by Short-chain fatty acids (10). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC9 and acute kidney injury.