EPO and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In this study, we aimed to compare indicators of metabolic health between 1) young adult offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (OT1D) with elevated antenatal AF EPO concentrations indicating fetal hypoxia; 2) OT1D with low antenatal AF EPO concentrations; and 3) offspring born from uncomplicated pregnancies to non-diabetic mothers.