Indeed, it was demonstrated that an increase in proNGF level was associated with neurodegeneration in early AD and that proNGF/NGF ratio is an upstream driver for neurodegeneration both in animal models and in humans (Capsoni et al., 2000, 2010; Counts and Mufson, 2005; Capsoni and Cattaneo, 2006; Tiveron et al., 2013; Iulita and Cuello, 2014; Counts et al., 2016; Fasulo et al., 2017). The gene discussed is NGF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.