Moreover, Sig-1R activating drugs were reported to protect against ANG II-induced EC damage, suggesting that combining ARBs/ACEi with Sig-1R agonists could have a superior therapeutic value in both COVID-19 and PTSD (Meunier and Hayashi, 2010; Hirano et al., 2014; Natsvlishvili et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2018; Lewis et al., 2019). Here, SIGMAR1 is linked to COVID-19.