HSPA1A and Cirrhosis: In contrast, ACLF patients had a different type of alteration in TLR signalling genes, which was characterized by downregulation of TLR3, CXCL8, IFNG, IL1B, TBK1, CCL2 and LTA. In addition to FADD, IRAK1, CD14, HSPA1A, NFKBIL1 and ELK1 were commonly upregulated in cirrhosis; however, IL-10 was uniquely upregulated in ACLF (Table 2).