TNF and neoplasm: We went on to study the therapeutic effect of the combination between CD8α ALN-1 and CD13 AFR, which represents an AcTakine that delivers TNF to tumor endothelial cells by targeting the neovasculature marker aminopeptidase N (CD13).31 48 The rationale behind this combination is the dual effect that can potentially be achieved: (1) enhanced expansion and effector differentiation of antitumor CD8+ T cells; and (2) improved tumor trafficking as a consequence of tumor neovasculature activation.