Earlier work demonstrated that CD13 AFR acts on HUVECs to drive ICAM-1 expression,31 which mediates TME infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells.49 Sequential delivery of CD8α ALN-1 and CD13 AFR induced rapid and complete tumor necrosis, characterized by conversion of the tumor mass into a scab that eventually disappeared and completely healed. This evidence concerns the gene ANPEP and neoplasm.