ANPEP and neoplasm: Recently, we developed an AcTakine that targets TNF activity (AcTafactor/AFR) to tumor neovasculature via an anti-mouse CD13 sdAb (figure 7A).31 In this way, the ability of TNF to activate tumor endothelial cells and consequentially promote CTL influx into the tumor can be exploited in the absence of toxicities and undesired off-target side effects.