In addition, KEGG pathway analysis also revealed some tumour-related and immune-related pathways, including the Ras signalling pathway, the T cell receptor signalling pathway, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, the MAPK signalling pathway, autophagy, the PPAR signalling pathway, and the TNF signalling pathway (Fig. 4B). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.