PKM and breast carcinoma: To verify the mechanism of DDM inhibitory effect on glycolysis and OXPHOS, we tested the expression of glucose, hexokinase, lactate, mRNA-PKM2 (mPKM2), and protein-PKM2 (pPKM2) for glycolytic metabolic pathway as well as HIF-1α, PDK1, PDH, SIRT1, and SIRT3 for mitochondrial-dependent metabolic pathway, after treatment with DDM and/or RT for 24 h in breast cancer cells (Figure 6).