VEGFA and neoplasm: At low doses, IFNα, the only drug that was used in adjuvant melanoma until the approval of targeted therapies and immunotherapy in recent years, appears to inhibit tumor angiogenesis by directly inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and negatively regulating the expression of proangiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF, b-FGF, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinases) [47].