Then, we genotyped 5715 patients with prostate cancer and 10,252 cancer-free controls for three rare changes in BARD1, (i) one definitive truncating mutation (c.1690C>T; p.Q564X) with proved effect on breast cancer risk, and two variants of unknown significance (ii) a missense substitution (c.1972C>T; p.R658C) and (iii) one synonymous substitution (c.1977A>G; p.R659=). This evidence concerns the gene BARD1 and Familial prostate cancer.