We measured serum markers of microbial translocation (haptoglobin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB), fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) and soluble CD14) and macrophage activation (BAFF, CCL17/TARC, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), and the soluble form of the 130 kDa IL6 receptor (s13gp0)) in a cohort of HIV-positive patients and found that higher levels at baseline predicted the development of NHL [21]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.