In a meta-analysis on the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating CD20+ B-cells (TIL-B) and plasma cells across 19 different malignancies, including HNSCC, TIL-Bs and plasma cells, demonstrated an overall positive prognostic impact, in agreement with CD3+ and CD8+ cell density and contributed to the improved prognostic effect of increased T-cell presence. Here, MS4A1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.