TP53 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Table 2 reports 27 different mutations identified, which include missense, nonsense, silent and frameshift deletion mutations. A total of 21 out of the 27 mutations were reportedly ‘pathogenic’. There was no case where two pathogenic mutations were present in one tumour specimen. Considering only pathogenic TP53 mutations, 60% (31/51) of astrocytomas and 18% (9/50) of oligodendrogliomas were TP53 mutants (TP53 mutation status could not be determined in one oligodendroglioma tumour) (Table 3). The non-pathogenic rs1042522 polymorphism was present in 24 LGGs (Table 2).