Furthermore, heterogeneity tests revealed that heterogeneity was substantial in the following cases: AFP (I2 = 86.14%, Q-test p = 0.01), cirrhosis (I2 = 87.81%, Q-test p = 0.00), invasion (I2 = 80.92%, Q-test p = 0.00) and TNM staging (I2 = 95.72%, Q-test p = 0.00). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and Cirrhosis.