RAPH1 and glioblastoma: To confirm its interaction with Lpd, we performed a proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation in unirradiated and irradiated glioblastoma cells and observed a basal Lpd-RICTOR interaction, which increased upon X-ray irradiation in the nucleus of U343MG and A172 and in the cytoplasm of A172 (Figure 5C–F and Figure S6B–E).