TP53 and cancer: While high molecular weight compounds such as polysaccharides and polysaccharopeptides are primarily known for their immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory action, a large number of species-specific low molecular weight compounds are implicated in direct regulation of cancer signaling, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), Akt, Wnt, Notch, and p53 pathways [11,13].