Results are reported as frequencies (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range); Abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF = ejection fraction; ACE Inhibitors = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; VKA = vitamin K antagonist; NOAC = new oral anticoagulant or “non vitamin K antagonist” oral anticoagulant; AVRT = atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia; AVRNT = atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.