HP and periodontitis: Compared with the comparison group, a significantly higher risk of gastric Hp (HRs = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.42–1.66) was observed in the periodontitis group, even after adjusting and stratifying sex, age, and comorbidities, while a similar periodontitis group showed 1.40 aHRs with 1.29–1.52 95% CI for gastric Hp.