HP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Moreover, also after adjusting and stratifying most factors according to gender, age, and comorbidities, we observed that patients with periodontitis that were 50–64 years old (aHR = 1.96; 95% CI = (1.79–2.13)) and ≥65 years (aHR = 1.70; 95% CI = (1.49–1.94), experienced hypertension (aHR = 1.24; 95% CI = (1.11–1.38)), hyperlipidemia (aHR = 1.28; 95% CI = (1.14–1.42)), COPD (aHR = 1.45; 95% CI = (1.31–1.61)), and CLD (aHR = 1.62; 95% CI = (1.47–1.77)), and exhibited a significantly (p > 0.001) higher gastric Hp risk.