CCL5 and Alzheimer disease: Many studies have shown that TSLP, TARC, and RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) play an active role in the pathogenesis of AD, and TNF-α/IFN-γ synergistically induces production of these mediators by human keratinocytes and HaCaT cells [28], and activation of NF-κB and STAT1 activation is involved in the production of chemokines and cytokines in keratinocytes [29].